دانلود کتاب Alexandra: A History – الکساندرا: یک تاریخ

توضیحات

Alexandra: A History, is a social and political history of one of South Africas oldest townships. It begins with the founding of Alexandra as a freehold township in 1912, and traces its growth as a center of black working-class life in the heart of Johannesburg, to the post-apartheid era. Declared as a location for ‘natives and coloureds,’ Alexandra became home to a diverse population where home-owners, tenants, squatters, hostel-dwellers, workers and migrants drawn from every corner of the country converged to make a life in the city. The stories of ordinary people are at the core of the townships history. Based on scores of life history interviews, the book portrays in vivid detail the daily struggles and tribulation of Alexandrans. A focus point is the rich history of political resistance, in which civic movements and political organisationssuch as the ANC, Communist Party and socialist organisations like the Movement for Democracy of Contentorganized bus boycotts, antiremoval and antipass campaigns, and mobilized for housing and a better life for residents. But the book is not only about politics. It tells the stories of daily life, of the making of urban cultures and of the infamous Spoilers and Msomi gangs. Over weekends Alexandra comes alive as soccer matches, church services and shebeens vie for the attention of residents. Alexandra: A History highlights the social complexities of the township, which at times cause tension between different segments of the population, such as between the ‘bona fides’ and amagoduka, stand-owners and tenants or hostel-dwellers and township residents. Above all else the community spirit of the people of Alexandra, expressed in a fiercely loyal love for the place, has repeatedly triumphed and endured.

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ترجمه ماشینی :

الکساندرا: یک تاریخ، تاریخ اجتماعی و سیاسی یکی از قدیمی ترین شهرستان های آفریقای جنوبی است. این شهر با تأسیس الکساندرا به عنوان یک شهرک آزاد در سال 1912 آغاز می شود و رشد آن را به عنوان مرکز زندگی طبقه کارگر سیاه پوست در قلب ژوهانسبورگ، تا دوران پس از آپارتاید نشان می دهد. الکساندرا که به عنوان مکانی برای “بومیان و رنگین پوستان” اعلام شده بود، به خانه جمعیتی متنوع تبدیل شد که در آن صاحبان خانه، مستأجران، ساکنان محل اقامت، ساکنان خوابگاه، کارگران و مهاجران از هر گوشه ای از کشور برای ایجاد زندگی در شهر گرد هم آمدند. داستان های مردم عادی هس

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