توضیحات
Cover — Half Title — Title Page — Copyright Page — Dedication — Table of Contents — Foreword — Author — Commonly Used Abbreviations — Chapter 1: Fundamental Concepts — 1.1 Work, Energy, Heat — 1.2 Units and Unit Conversions — 1.3 Elements of Thermodynamics: Principles of Energy Conversion — 1.3.1 First Law of Thermodynamics — 1.3.2 Thermodynamic Cycles and Cyclic Engines — 1.3.3 Second Law of
3.2.3 Lead Abatement — 3.2.4 Ozone Depletion: The ‘Ozone Hole’ — 3.3 Global Climate Change — 3.3.1 Greenhouse Effect — 3.3.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions — 3.3.3 Weather and Climate — 3.3.4 Potential GCC Effects on the Climate — 3.3.5 Mitigating and Remedial Actions — 3.3.6 The Kyoto Protocol — 3.3.7 The Paris Agreement — 3.3.8 The Kigali Agreement on Hydrofluorocarbons — 3.3.9 Uniqueness of the GCC Problem — 3.3.10 Myths and Reality Related to GCC — 3.4 Nuclear Waste — 3.4.1 Initial Treatment of the Waste — 3.4.2 Long-Term Disposal — 3.5 Thermal Pollution — 3.5.1 Energy-Water Nexus — 3.5.2 Effects on the Aquatic Life — 3.5.3 Myths and Reality Related to Water Use — 3.6 Energy Sustainability and Carbon Footprint — References — Chapter 4: Fossil Fuels — 4.1 Heating Value of Fuels — 4.2 Types of Fossil Fuels — 4.2.1 Coal — 4.2.2 Petroleum (Crude Oil) — 4.2.3 Natural Gas — 4.2.4 Oil Shale and Shale Gas — 4.2.5 Tar Sands — 4.3 Physicochemical Fuel Conversions — 4.3.1 Petroleum Refining — 4.3.2 Coal Liquefaction and Gasification: Synfuels — 4.3.3 Fluidized Bed Reactors — 4.4 Fossil Fuel Resources and Reserves: Peak Oil — 4.4.1 Hubbert Curve — 4.4.2 Life Cycle of Fossil Fuels: New Models for the Depletion of a Resource — 4.5 Environmental Effects — 4.5.1 Coal Mining and Strip Mining — 4.5.2 Oil Transport and Spills — 4.5.3 Hydraulic Fracturing (Fracking) — 4.6 Future of Fossil Fuel Consumption — 4.7 CO2 Avoidance — References — Chapter 5: Nuclear Energy — 5.1 Elements of Nuclear Physics — 5.1.1 Nuclear Fission — 5.1.2 Nuclear Fusion — 5.1.3 Radioactivity — 5.1.4 Chain Reaction — 5.2 Essential Components of Nuclear Reactors — 5.3 Reactor and Power Plant Classifications — 5.3.1 Pressurized Water Reactors and Boiling Water Reactors — 5.3.2 Gas-Cooled Reactors — 5.3.3 Other Thermal Reactor Types
5.3.4 Breeder Reactors — 5.4 Useful Parameters for Nuclear Energy — 5.5 Notorious Nuclear Power Plant Accidents — 5.5.1 Accident at Three Mile Island — 5.5.2 Accident at Chernobyl — 5.5.3 Accident at Fukushima Dai-ichi — 5.6 Environmental Effects: The Nuclear Fuel Cycle — 5.6.1 Mining, Refining, and Enrichment — 5.6.2 Reprocessing of Spent Fuel — Temporary and Permanent Storages — 5.6.3 Environmental and Health Effects of the Fuel Cycle — 5.7 Economics of Nuclear Energy — 5.8 Future of Nuclear Energy — 5.8.1 To Breed or Not to Breed? — 5.9 Myths and Reality about Nuclear Energy — References — Chapter 6: Renewable Energy — 6.1 Hydroelectric Energy — 6.1.1 Global Hydroelectric Energy Production — 6.1.2 Environmental Impacts and Safety Concerns — 6.1.3 Planned Hydroelectric Installations and Future Expansion — 6.2 Solar Energy — 6.2.1 Variability of Solar Radiation — 6.2.2 Thermal Collectors — 6.2.3 Thermal Solar Power Plants — 6.2.4 Solar Cells and Photovoltaics — 6.2.5 Solar Power Data and Solar Energy Calculations — 6.2.6 Environmental Impacts of Solar Energy — 6.3 Wind Energy — 6.3.1 Fundamentals of Wind Power — 6.3.2 Wind Turbines — 6.3.3 Wind Power Generation — 6.3.4 Average Power and Annual Energy Production — 6.3.5 Wind Farms — 6.3.6 Environmental Impacts of Wind Energy — 6.4 Geothermal Energy — 6.4.1 Fundamentals of Geothermal Energy — 6.4.2 Geothermal Resources — 6.4.3 Electric Power Production — 6.4.3.1 Dry Steam Units — 6.4.3.2 Single- and Dual-Flashing Units — 6.4.3.3 Binary Units — 6.4.3.4 Hybrid Geothermal-Fossil Power Units — 6.4.4 District Heating — 6.4.5 Environmental Impacts of Geothermal Energy — 6.5 Biomass Energy — 6.5.1 Heating Value of Biomass — 6.5.2 Biofuels: Ethanol Production from Corn — 6.5.3 Aquatic Biomass — 6.5.4 Environmental and Ecological Impacts of Biomass Use
6.5.5 Social, Economic, and Other Issues Related to Biomass — 6.5.5.1 Food Production and Food Prices — 6.5.5.2 Food Scarcity — 6.5.5.3 Economic Subsidies — 6.5.5.4 Global Poverty Levels — 6.5.5.5 Stability of Energy Prices — 6.5.5.6 GHG Policies and Regulations — 6.5.5.7 Technological Advances — 6.5.5.8 Global and Regional Climate Change — 6.6 Sea/Ocean Energy — 6.6.1 Ocean Currents — 6.6.2 Wave Energy — 6.6.3 Tidal Energy — 6.6.4 Ocean-Freshwater Salinity Gradient — 6.6.5 Ocean-Thermal Energy Conversion — 6.7 Myths and Reality about Renewable Energy — References — Chapter 7: Energy Storage — 7.1 Demand for Electricity: The Need to Store Energy — 7.1.1 Electricity Supply by Types of Power Plants — 7.1.2 Wholesale Electricity Prices: Deregulation — 7.1.3 Energy Storage Applications and Figures of Merit — 7.2 Electromechanical Storage — 7.2.1 Pumped Water — 7.2.2 Compressed Air — 7.2.3 Flywheels, Springs, and Torsion Bars — 7.2.4 Capacitors, Ultracapacitors, and Superconducting Coils — 7.3 Thermal Storage — 7.3.1 Sensible and Latent Heat Storage — 7.3.2 Storage of ‘Coolness’ — 7.3.3 Phase-Change Materials: Eutectic Salts — 7.4 Chemical Storage: Batteries — 7.4.1 Wet and Dry Cell Batteries — 7.4.2 Lead Batteries — 7.4.3 Lithium Batteries — 7.4.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Batteries — 7.5 Hydrogen Storage — 7.5.1 Fuel Cells — 7.5.2 Practical Types of Fuel Cells — 7.5.3 Hydrogen Economy — 7.5.4 Case Study of Hydrogen Energy Storage for Buildings — 7.6 Characteristics, Timescales, and Cost of Energy Storage — 7.7 Myths and Reality on Energy Storage — References — Chapter 8: Energy Conservation and Higher Efficiency — 8.1 Desired Actions, Energy Consumption, Conservation, and Higher Efficiency — 8.2 Use of the Exergy Concept to Reduce Energy Resource Consumption
8.2.1 Utilization of Fossil Fuel Resources — 8.2.2 Minimization of Energy or Power Used for Desired Actions — 8.3 Improved Efficiency in Electric Power Generation — 8.3.1 For Rankine Vapor Cycles — 8.3.2 For Brayton Gas Cycles — 8.3.3 Combination of Processes and Desired Actions: Cogeneration — 8.4 Waste Heat Utilization — 8.4.1 From Rankine (Steam) Cycles — 8.4.2 From Brayton (Gas) Cycles: Combined Cycles — 8.5 Conservation and Efficiency Improvement in Buildings — 8.5.1 Use of Fluorescent Bulbs or Light-Emitting Diodes — 8.5.2 Use of Heat Pump Cycles for Heating and Cooling — 8.5.3 Ground Source Heat Pumps — 8.5.4 Hot Water Supply — 8.5.5 Adiabatic Evaporation — 8.5.6 District Cooling — 8.5.7 Fenestration (Windows) Improvement — 8.5.8 Improved Efficiency of Appliances — 8.5.9 Other Energy Conservation Measures for Buildings — 8.6 Conservation and Improved Efficiency in Transportation — 8.6.1 Electric Vehicles with Batteries — 8.6.2 Fuel Cell-Powered Vehicles — 8.7 Myths and Reality on Conservation and Efficiency — References — Chapter 9: Energy Economics and Decision-Making Methods — 9.1 Introduction — 9.1.1 Fundamental Concepts of Economics — 9.2 Time-Value of Money — 9.2.1 Simple and Compound Interests — 9.2.2 Cash Flow — 9.2.3 Equivalence of Funds and Present Value — 9.2.4 Note on the Discount Rate and Interest Rates — 9.3 Decision-Making Process — 9.3.1 Developing a List of Alternatives — 9.3.2 Externalities — 9.4 Investment Appraisal Methods — 9.4.1 Net Present Value — 9.4.2 Annual Worth Method — 9.4.3 Average Return on Book — 9.4.4 Payback Period — 9.4.5 Internal Rate of Return — 9.4.6 External Rate of Return — 9.4.7 Profitability Index — 9.5 Case Studies: Financial Analysis of a Wind Farm Project — 9.5.1 NPV and Governmental Incentives or Disincentives
9.5.2 Use of the NPV Method for Improved Efficiency Projects Read more…
دیدگاهها
هیچ دیدگاهی برای این محصول نوشته نشده است.