توضیحات
Chapter 4: Widows. Introduction — 99. A Widow Makes Alternative Arrangements to Sell her Land, Salerno, 882 — 100. A Widow Taking Over her Husband’s Tenancy, Barcelona, 31 January 975 — 101. A Widow and Children Selling Land, Barcelona, 29 December 942 — 102. A Sale between Women, Palermo, Sicily, 1164 — 103. A Widow Entering Service, Marseilles, 15 April 1248 — 104. A Widow Taking a Loan, Marseilles, 14 April 1248 — 105. Widows in a Loan Agreement, Crete, 1301 — 106. The Business Circle of the Jewish Widow, Helea, Crete, 1310 — 107. Widows and Political Upheaval, Normandy, 1219 — 108. Emma, Widow of King Lothar, Writes to her Mother, Empress Adelaide, France, Late Tenth Century — 109. A Fictional Widow’s Lament on the Loss of her Husband, Austria, 1194 — 110. Customs on Widows’ Property, Amalfi, Thirteenth Century — 111. A Widow in Conflict with her Brother, Barcelona, 8 May 1000 — 112. A Widow Disputing the Status of Land, Normandy, c.1206 — 113. A Widow Making a Gift, Barcelona, Late Tenth Century — 114. A Widow Renting Out Property, Marseilles, 30 April 1248 — 115. Account of Expenses Made by Richard of Anstey in his Case against Mabel of Francheville, England, 1158-63 — 116. Will of Regina, Jewess of Puigcerda, Pyrenees, 23 October 1306 — 117. A Widow in Business as a Miller, Crete, 1301 — 118. A Frustrated Female Crusader, France, 1098 — 119. An Eyewitness Account of Empress Matilda Acting as Intermediary in the Case of Thomas Becket, Normandy, 1164.;78. The Suicide and Miraculous Revival of an Unhappy Wife, Normandy, Early Twelfth Century — 79. Penitential Texts on Sexual Intercourse, Spain, Ninth to Eleventh Centuries — 80. A Dubious Consanguinity Case, Sicily, Twelfth Century — 81. Infertility? : A Jewish Divorce Upheld by the King, England, 1242 — 82. Clerical Celibacy, Lisieux, Normandy, Late 1170s — 83. An Irregular Liaison, Bologna, 1092 — 84. A Clerical Portrayal of the Miseries of Marriage, Italy, c.1200 — 85. Christina of Markyate’s Heroic Struggle against Marriage, Huntingdon, Early Twelfth Century — 86. Religious Conversion Not an Excuse for Separation: Papal Opinions, Rome, Twelfth Century — 87. Empress Judith as Godmother, France, 826 — 88. Peasant Mothers and their Children, France, c.820 — 89. A Mother’s Refusal to Let her Son Hunt, France, 826 — 90. Queen Margaret of Scotland’s Care for her Children’s Education, Scotland, Eleventh Century.;63. Controls over Wives in Northern Italy, Bologna, 1016 — 64. Sale of Land by Elica of Verona, Verona, 5 December 1127 — 65. Will of Maria Salbaconsa, Naples, 1076 — 66. Will of Dulcelina Gomberta, Marseilles, 6 July 1248 — 67. A Married Woman in Charge of Cash, Normandy, Late Eleventh Century — 68. Female Workers in City Regulations, Pisa, 1287 — 69. Alleged Rape of Wives, England, Mid-fifteenth Century — 70. A Rebel’s Wife in Custody, Venice, 1326-8 — 71. Impugning Female Honour, Venice, 1290 — 72. The Incarceration of the Bruce Women, Scotland/England, 1306 — 73. A Young Married Woman: Petronilla, Lady of Ardres, Flanders, c. 1138-9 — 74. A Couple Rent a House, Bologna, 1071 — 75. A Wife’s Account of her Sick Husband, Cured by John Cacciafronte, Martyred Bishop, Verona, 1224 — 76. Royal Marital Troubles, France, 1149-50 — 77. A Young Woman Excommunicated for Leaving her Husband, England, Late Twelfth Century.;Chapter 5: Older Women and death. Introduction — 120. A Grandmother Invests for her Grandchildren, Crete, 1301 — 121. Will of Florita, Making Provision for her Old Age, Ravello, 1199 — 122. Old Women, According to the Poem ‘Ruodlieb, ‘ Germany, c.1050 — 123. Epigram on an Old Woman by Ulger, Angers, France, c.1111 — 124. Old Women as Reliable Witnesses, Venice, 1196 — 125. Epitaph of the Jewess Scarlatta, Aquileia, Italy, 1140 — 126. Epitaph of Urania of Worms, Leader of Female Synagogue, Germany, Thirteenth Century — 127. Epitaphs of Sicardis, Languedoc, 1199 — 128. The Death of Empress Adelaide, Orbe, Switzerland, 999 — 129. The Death of Queen Matilda I of Germany, 968 — 130. Queen Margaret of Scotland’s Deathbed, Scotland, 1093 — 131. Death in Childbirth of Countess Christina of Gunes, Flanders, 2 July 1177 — 132. Benefactors of the Htel-Dieu, Listed for Commemoration, Beauvais, 1292 — 133. ‘Competitive’ Commemoration after the Death of Queen Matilda II, England, 1118 — 134. Letter to Einhard Commiserating on the Death of his Wife, Imma, 836 — 135. Guisanda’s Will Disputed, Bari, 1021 — 136. The Will of Eva Peche Disputed, Cambridge, 1286 — 137. Beneficiary of a Will, Crete, 1301 — 138. Commemoration Stone Erected by Helmgt for his Deceased Wife, Odendis, Sweden, Tenth to Eleventh Centuries — 139. The Will of thelgifu, England, Tenth Century.;Chapter 2: Girls and young women. Introduction — 22. A Jewish Girl’s Charitable Act, Cairo, Mid-eleventh Century — 23. Little Girls’ Pastimes: Liutberga, Germany, Ninth Century — 24. Little Girls’ Pastimes: Joan of Arc, France, Early Fifteenth Century — 25. Little Girls at School: Froissart’s L’Espinette amoureuse, 1365-72 — 26. A Young Girl at Work: Liutberga, Germany, Ninth Century — 27. A Peasant Girl at Work: Alpais of Cudot, France, Mid-twelfth Century — 28. A Contract Placing a Girl in Service, Amalfi, 1090 — 29. Slave Girls Among the Rus’, Tenth Century — 30. Manumission of a Female Slave, Genoa, 12 May 1159 — 31. Sales of Female Slaves, Crete, 1301 — 32. A Fugitive Slave, Crete, 1315 — 33. Anglo-Saxon Customs on Engagement, Eleventh Century — 34. An Anglo-Jewish Betrothal Contract, 1271 — 35. A Muslim Girl Sent Early to be Married, Sicily, Twelfth Century — 36. The Case of Grace of Saleby, England, Twelfth Century — 37. A Narrow Escape from Assault: Christina of Markyate, Huntingdon, Twelfth Century — 38. Alleged Rape of an Eleven-year-old Girl, London, 1320 — 39. Securing a Dowry by Litigation, Calabria, 1093 — 40. Securing a Dowry by Adoption, Southern Italy, 1170 — 41. Securing a Dowry through Charity, Trento, 1301 — 42. Menstruation: St Trophimena Intervenes in a Case of Underage Marriage, Amalfi, Ninth Century — 43. Innocent III on the Horrors of Menstrual Blood, Italy, Before 1198 — 44. Unmarried Women and Prostitutes, Paris, c.1200 — 45. Single Mother’s Lament, Germany/France, c.1200 — 46. Marbod of Rennes, Poem to the Countess Ermengarde of Brittany, France, Early Twelfth Century — 47. A Wealthy Heiress, England, 1137/8 — 48. Single Women’s Business Transactions, Crete, 1301 — 49. A Single Woman: Liutberga, Germany, Ninth Century.;91. Pope Gregory IX Pronounces on a Custody Case, Strasbourg, 16 May 1229 — 92. Eleanor of Provence, Queen of England, Writes to her Son, Edward I, England, 1274-85 — 93. A Mother Responsible for a Disabled Child, Sicily, 1138 — 94. Care for a Deaf and Mute Child, Normandy, 1145 — 95. A Mother Placing her Son into an Apprenticeship, Crete, 1301 — 96. Will of Gentil, Wife of Jacob of Puigcerda, Pyrenees, 21 November 1306 — 97. Two Agreements between Mothers and Sons, Crete, 1301 — 98. A Stepmother Mentioned in Passing, Venice, 1196.;A note on the texts — A note on dates and currencies — chapter 1: Birth and infancy. Introduction — 1. Fear of Giving Birth to the Antichrist, France, Mid-tenth Century — 2. A Charm to be Spoken During the Birth of a Baby, England, Eleventh Century — 3. A Pregnant Woman’s Delivery of a Stillborn Baby, Normandy, Mid-eleventh Century — 4. Public Record of the Labour of Isabel de la Cavallera, Zaragoza, 10 January 1490 — 5. William of Conches on Human Reproduction, Normandy, Mid-twelfth Century — 6. The Welsh Law of Women on Provision for Mother and Baby, Early Thirteenth Century — 7. A Bequest of Moveables to a Pregnant Wife, Genoa, 5 March 1156 — 8. Faked Pregnancies and Substituted Children: Galbert of Bruges on Walter of Vladsloo, Flanders, Early Twelfth Century — 9. A Substituted Child, Normandy, Eleventh Century — 10. A Substituted Child, England, Twelfth Century — 11. Pope Gregory XI Issues a Pardon over a False Pregnancy, Villeneuve-ls-Avignon, 27 July 1372 — 12. Reaction to the Birth of a Daughter: Walter of Chtillon, France, Twelfth Century — 13. A Jewish Husband in Dispute with his Wife, Cairo, Tenth to Twelfth Centuries — 14. Conciliar Advice on Lay Baptism, Trier, 1277 — 15. A Royal Baptism, England, Late Eleventh Century — 16. A Noblewoman Breastfeeding her own Children: Ida of Bouillon, Eleventh Century — 17. King Roger of Sicily Rewards the Wet-nurse of his Son, Henry, Southern Italy, 1136 — 18. Nurse and Infant, Normandy, Mid-eleventh Century — 19. Nurse and Infant, Normandy, Early Twelfth Century — 20. Penitential Texts on Child Deaths, Spain, Ninth to Eleventh Centuries — 21. Care of an Abandoned Baby, Italy, Late Thirteenth Century.;Chapter 3: Married women and mothers. Introduction — 50. Letter of Einhard’s Wife, Imma, on an Illicit Marriage, France, 828-36 — 51. Barriers to Licit Marriage, Milan, 20 May 822 — 52. The Ideal Wife Described: Bonizo of Sutri, Italy, Late Eleventh Century — 53. A Marriage and Wedding Feast, Flanders, Twelfth Century — 54. The Marriage of Urraca, Spain, c.1082 — 55. The Blessing of the Marital Bed at the End of the Wedding Day, Flanders, Twelfth Century — 56. Donation by Bernard of Narbonne to his Wife Ermengarda, Narbonne, 27 August 1031 — 57. Managing a Dowry, France, Before 1148 — 58. Regularizing of the Property Surrounding Marriage, Genoa, 1159 — 59. Customs on the Dowry, Amalfi, Thirteenth Century — 60. Dowry Payments, Marseilles, 1248 — 61. A Wife Gives all her Property to her Husband, Barcelona, 3 March 981 — 62. A Wife Defends the Property Rights of herself and her Husband, Barcelona, 17 October 987.
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ترجمه ماشینی :
فصل چهارم: زنان بیوه مقدمه — 99. یک بیوه برای فروش زمین خود ترتیبات دیگری می دهد، سالرنو، 882 — 100. بیوه ای که اجاره نشینی شوهرش را به دست می گیرد، بارسلونا، 31 ژانویه 975 — 101. یک بیوه و کودکان زمین فروش، بارسلونا، 29 دسامبر 942 — 102. فروش بین زنان، پالرمو، سیسیل، 1164 — 103. بیوه ای که وارد سرویس می شود، مارسی، 15 آوریل 1248 — 104. بیوه ای در حال گرفتن وام، مارسی، 14 آوریل 1248 — 105. بیوه ها در یک قرارداد وام، کرت، 1301 — 106. حلقه تجاری بیوه یهودی،
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