توضیحات
It is fun to figure out the puzzle of how children go about making sense of mathematics and then how to help teachers help kids. John A. Van de Walle, Late of Virginia Commonwealth University This is the philosophy behind Elementary and Middle School Mathematics: Teaching Developmentally. John A. Van de Walle wrote this book to help students understand mathematics and become confident in their ability to teach the subject to children in kindergarten through eighth grade. Although he could not have foreseen the changes in mathematics teaching over the last three decades, he was at the forefront of the movement towards a constructivist view of teaching, or teaching developmentally. Constructivism says that children construct their own knowledge. They are not blank slates waiting to absorb whatever the teacher tells them. Teachers must understand both mathematics itself and how students learn mathematics in order to teach it effectively. Learning through problem solving is another major theme of this book. Students solve problems not just to apply mathematics, but also to learn new mathematics. Effective problems will take into account where students are, the problematic or engaging aspect of the problem must be due to the mathematics that the students are to learn and not be diluted by non-mathematical activities such as cutting or pasting, and the problem must require justifications and explanations for answers and methods. Learning then becomes an outcome of the problem solving process. The book also addresses in more detail than any other book on the market the effect that the trends of standards-based education, increased pressure to test, and increased teacher accountability have had on teaching mathematics. He addresses the 2000 NCTM Standards in depth, in Chapter 1 on Teaching Mathematics in the Era of the NCTM Standards, through the NCTM icon that appears in the margins throughout the text, and in two appendices in the back of the book. Chapter 5 on Building Assessment into Instruction has also been heavily revised to focus on increased testing pressure, creating more explicit links between objectives and assessment, and including assessments for students with special needs. Additionally, samples of Pearson’s reformed-based curricula, Connnected Math Project (5-8) as well as Investigations (K-4), are featured in the text and on the myeducationlab site. Elementary and Middle School Mathematics: Teaching Developmentally is a book for doing math todayfor both students who want to become teachers, and the students they will eventually teach. New To This Edition: NEW! Revises Chapter 5 on assessment–Discusses increased testing pressure and accountability, adds more information on equitable assessments, creates more explicit links between objectives and assessment, and includes assessments for students with special needs. NEW! Updates the Literature Connections feature to remove all out of print childrens literature and include more non-fiction, poetry, and other types of readings. NEW! Weaves the Focal Points throughout the chapters as well as links them with the Big Ideas featureFocal Points have also been added to the Appendix. NEW! Includes expanded coverage of working with diverse learners. NEW! Gives greater emphasis on dealing with math anxiety.
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ترجمه ماشینی :
فهمیدن معمایی که کودکان چگونه ریاضیات را درک می کنند و سپس چگونه به معلمان کمک کنند به بچه ها کمک کنند، سرگرم کننده است. John A. Van de Walle، دانشگاه مشترک المنافع ویرجینیا این فلسفه پشت ریاضیات ابتدایی و راهنمایی است: آموزش رشدی. John A. Van de Walle این کتاب را نوشت تا به دانش آموزان کمک کند تا ریاضیات را درک کنند و به توانایی خود در آموزش این موضوع به کودکان در مهدکودک تا کلاس هشتم اطمینان پیدا کنند. اگرچه او نمیتوانست تغییرات تدریس ریاضیات را در سه دهه گذشته پیشبینی کند، اما در خط مقدم حرکت به سمت دیدگاه سازندهگرایانه از تدریس یا آموزش توسعهای قرار داشت. سازه انگاری می گوید که کودکان دانش خود را می سازند. آنها لوح های خالی نیستند که منتظر باشند هر چه معلم به آنها می گوید جذب کنند. معلمان باید هم خود ریاضیات را درک کنند و هم اینکه دانش آموزان چگونه ریاضیات را یاد می گیرند تا به طور مؤثر آن را آموزش دهند. یادگیری از طریق حل مسئله یکی دیگر از موضوعات اصلی این کتاب است. دانش آموزان نه تنها برای به کار بردن ریاضیات، بلکه برای یادگیری ریاضیات جدید نیز مسائل را حل می کنند. مسائل مؤثر محل حضور دانشآموزان را در نظر میگیرند، جنبه مشکلساز یا جذاب مسئله باید به دلیل ریاضیاتی باشد که دانشآموزان باید یاد بگیرند و با فعالیتهای غیرریاضی مانند برش یا چسباندن رقیق نشوند، و مسئله باید نیازمند باشد. توجیه و توضیح پاسخ ها و روش ها. سپس یادگیری به نتیجه ای از فرآیند حل مسئله تبدیل می شود. این کتاب همچنین با جزئیات بیشتر از ه
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