دانلود کتاب Introduction to Polymer Chemistry, Fourth Edition – آشنایی با شیمی پلیمر ، چاپ چهارم

دسته بندی :
اطلاعات کتاب
  • جلد
  • سری
  • ویرایش 4th ed
  • سال 2017
  • نویسنده (گان) Carraher Jr., Charles E
  • ناشر
  • زبان English
  • تعداد صفحات 589
  • حجم فایل 22.85MB
  • فرمت فایل pdf
  • شابک 9781498737616, 1498737617, 9781498737852, 1498737854
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توضیحات

Cover — Half Title — Title Page — Copyright Page — Contents — Preface — Acknowledgments — Author — How to Study Polymers — Polymer Nomenclature — American Chemistry Society Committee on Professional Training Requirements — Chapter 1 Introduction to Polymers — 1.1 History of Polymers — 1.2 Why Polymers? — 1.3 Today’s Marketplace — 1.4 Environmental Assessment — 1.4.1 Environmental Impact Assessment —

Further Reading — Chapter 4 Naturally Occurring Polymers — 4.1 Polysaccharides — 4.2 Cellulose — 4.2.1 Paper — 4.2.2 Paper Recycling — 4.3 Cellulose-Regenerating Processes — 4.3.1 Dissolving and Precipitation of Cellulose — 4.3.2 Wrinkle-Free Fabric — 4.4 Esters and Ethers of Cellulose — 4.4.1 Inorganic Esters — 4.4.2 Organic Esters — 4.4.3 Organic Ethers — 4.5 Starch — 4.6 Other Polysaccharides — 4.6.1 Glycogen — 4.6.2 Dextrans — 4.6.3 Chitin — 4.6.4 Chitosan — 4.6.5 Heparin — 4.6.6 Hyaluronic Acid — 4.6.7 Chondroitin Sulfates — 4.6.8 Arabinogalactans — 4.6.9 Carrageenans, Agar, and Agarose — 4.7 Proteins — 4.7.1 Basics — 4.7.2 Primary Structure — 4.7.3 Secondary Structure — 4.7.3.1 Keratins — 4.7.3.2 Silk — 4.7.3.3 Wool — 4.7.4 Tertiary Structure — 4.7.4.1 Globular Proteins — 4.7.4.2 Fibrous Proteins — 4.7.4.3 Elastin — 4.7.4.4 Membrane Proteins — 4.7.5 Quaternary Structure — 4.8 Nucleic Acids — 4.8.1 Basics — 4.8.2 Flow of Biological Information — 4.8.3 Next Steps — 4.9 Naturally Occurring Polyisoprenes and Other Synthetic Elastomers — 4.9.1 Balloons — 4.9.2 Resins — 4.9.3 Rosin and Related Materials — 4.10 Lignin — 4.11 Melanins — 4.12 Polymer Structure — 4.13 Genetic Engineering — 4.14 DNA Profiling — 4.15 Asphalt — Summary — Glossary — Exercises — Further Reading — Chapter 5 Step-Reaction Polymerization (Polycondensation Reactions) — 5.1 Comparison between Polymer Type and Kinetics of Polymerization — 5.2 Introduction — 5.3 Stepwise Kinetics — 5.4 Polycondensation Mechanisms — 5.5 Polyesters and Polycarbonates — 5.6 Synthetic Polyamides — 5.7 Polymides — 5.8 Polybenzimidazoles and Related Polymers — 5.9 Polyurethanes and Polyureas — 5.10 Polysulfides — 5.11 Polyethers — 5.12 Polysulfones — 5.13 Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) and Polyketones — 5.14 Phenolic and Amino Plastics

5.15 Synthetic Routes — 5.16 Liquid Crystals — 5.17 Microfibers — Summary — Glossary — Exercises — Further Reading — Chapter 6 Ionic Chain Reaction and Complex Coordination Polymerization (Addition Polymerization) — 6.1 Cationic Polymerization — 6.1.1 Kinetics of Cationic Polymerization — 6.1.2 Poly(Vinyl Isobutyl Ether) — 6.1.3 Polyoxymethylene — 6.1.4 Poly(Ethylene Oxide) — 6.1.5 Polyterpenes and Related Polymers — 6.2 Anionic Polymerization — 6.2.1 Kinetics of Anionic Polymerization — 6.2.2 Cis-1,4-Polyisoprene — 6.2.3 Living Polymers — 6.3 Stereoregularity and Stereogeometry — 6.4 Polymerization with Complex Coordination Catalysts — 6.5 Soluble Stereoregulating Catalysis — 6.6 Polyethylenes — 6.6.1 Introduction Polyethylenes — 6.6.2 High-Density Polyethylene — 6.6.3 Linear Low-Density Polyethylene — 6.6.4 Very-Low-Density Polyethylene — 6.6.5 Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene — 6.6.6 Ultralinear Polyethylene — 6.6.7 Cross-Linked Polyethylene — 6.6.8 Medium-Density Polyethylene — 6.6.9 Polymethylene — 6.6.10 Shopping Bags — 6.7 Polypropylene — 6.7.1 History — 6.7.2 Stereospecific Structures — 6.7.3 Early Production — 6.7.4 Forms of Polypropylene — 6.8 Polymers from 1,4-Dienes — 6.8.1 Introduction — 6.8.2 Butadiene Rubber — 6.8.3 ABS — 6.8.4 High-Impact Polystyrene — 6.8.5 Polyisoprene — 6.8.6 Polychloroprene — 6.9 Polyisobutylene — 6.10 Metathesis Reactions — 6.11 Zwitterionic Polymerization — 6.12 Isomerization Polymerization — 6.13 Precipitation Polymerization — Summary — Glossary — Exercises — Further Reading — Chapter 7 Free Radical Chain Polymerization (Addition Polymerization) — 7.1 Initiators for Free Radical Chain Polymerization — 7.2 Mechanism for Free Radical Chain Polymerization — 7.3 Chain Transfer — 7.4 Polymerization Techniques — 7.4.1 Bulk Polymerization

7.4.2 Suspension Polymerization — 7.4.3 Solution Polymerization — 7.4.4 Emulsion Polymerization — 7.5 Fluorine-Containing Polymers — 7.5.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene — 7.5.2 Poly(Vinyl Fluoride) — 7.5.3 Other Fluorine-Containing Polymers — 7.6 Polystyrene — 7.7 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) — 7.8 Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) — 7.9 Polyacrylonitrile — 7.10 Solid-State Irradiation Polymerization — 7.11 Plasma Polymerizations — Summary — Glossary — Exercises — Further Reading — Chapter 8 Copolymerization — 8.1 Kinetics of Copolymerization — 8.2 The Q-e Scheme — 8.3 Commercial Copolymers — 8.4 Block Copolymers — 8.5 Graft Copolymers — 8.6 Elastomers — 8.6.1 General — 8.6.2 Thermoplastic Elastomers — 8.6.3 SBR Copolymers — 8.6.4 Sales and Flammability — 8.7 Blends — 8.7.1 General — 8.7.2 Immiscible Blends — 8.7.3 Immiscible Blends: Remainder of the Section on Immiscible Blends — 8.7.4 Miscible Blends — 8.8 Polymer Mixtures: IPNs and Alloys — 8.9 Dendrites — 8.10 Ionomers — 8.11 Fluoroelastomers — 8.12 Nitrile Rubber — 8.12.1 Laboratory Gloves — 8.13 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Terpolymers — 8.14 EPDM Rubber — Summary — Glossary — Exercises — Further Reading — Chapter 9 Organometallic and Metalloid Polymers — 9.1 Introduction — 9.2 Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms — 9.3 Condensation Organometallic Polymers — 9.4 Coordination Polymers — 9.5 Addition Polymers — Summary — Glossary — Exercises — Further Reading — Chapter 10 Inorganic Polymers — 10.1 Introduction — 10.2 Portland Cement — 10.3 Other Cements — 10.4 Silicates — 10.4.1 Network — 10.4.2 Layer — 10.4.3 Chain — 10.5 Silicon Dioxide (Amorphous) — 10.5.1 Kinds of Glass — 10.5.2 Safety Glass — 10.5.3 New Applications of Glass — 10.5.4 Seeing Glass Lenses — 10.6 Sol-Gel — 10.6.1 Aerogels — 10.7 Silicon Dioxide (Crystalline Forms): Quartz Forms

10.8 Silicon Dioxide in Electronic Chips — 10.9 Asbestos — 10.10 Fly Ash and Aluminosilicates — 10.11 Polymeric Carbon: Diamond — 10.12 Polymeric Carbon: Graphite — 10.13 Internal Cyclization: Carbon Fibers and Related Materials — 10.14 Carbon Nanotubes — 10.14.1 General — 10.14.2 Structures — 10.14.3 Properties — 10.14.3.1 Electrical — 10.14.3.2 Mechanical — 10.14.3.3 Field Emission — 10.14.3.4 Hydrogen and Ion Storage — 10.14.3.5 Chemical and Genetic Probes — 10.14.3.6 Analytical Tools — 10.14.3.7 Superconductors — 10.14.4 Health Issues — 10.14.5 Potential — 10.15 Bitumens — 10.16 Carbon Black — 10.17 Polysulfur — 10.18 Ceramics — 10.19 High-Temperature Superconductors — 10.19.1 Discovery of the 123-Compound — 10.19.2 Structure of the 123-Compound — 10.20 Zeolites — Summary — Glossary — Exercises — Further Reading — Chapter 11 Reactions of Polymers — 11.1 Reactions with Polyolefins and Polyenes — 11.2 Reactions of Aromatic and Aliphatic Pendant Groups — 11.3 Degradation — 11.4 Cross-Linking — 11.5 Reactivities of End Groups — 11.6 Supramolecules and Self-Assembly — 11.7 Transfer and Retention of Oxygen — 11.8 Nature’s Macromolecular Catalysts — 11.9 Photosynthesis — 11.9.1 General — 11.9.2 Purple Photosynthetic Bacteria — 11.9.3 Green Sulfur Bacteria — 11.10 Mechanisms of Physical Energy Absorption — 11.11 Breakage of Polymeric Materials — Summary — Glossary — Exercises — Further Reading — Chapter 12 Testing and Spectrometric Characterization of Polymers — 12.1 Spectronic Characterization of Polymers — 12.1.1 Infrared Spectroscopy — 12.1.2 Raman Spectroscopy — 12.1.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy — 12.1.4 NMR Applications — 12.1.5 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy — 12.1.6 X-Ray Spectroscopy — 12.2 Surface Characterization — 12.2.1 Attenuated Total Reflectance

12.2.2 Auger Electron Spectroscopy and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Read more…

Abstract: Cover — Half Title — Title Page — Copyright Page — Contents — Preface — Acknowledgments — Author — How to Study Polymers — Polymer Nomenclature — American Chemistry Society Committee on Professional Training Requirements — Chapter 1 Introduction to Polymers — 1.1 History of Polymers — 1.2 Why Polymers? — 1.3 Today’s Marketplace — 1.4 Environmental Assessment — 1.4.1 Environmental Impact Assessment — 1.4.2 Ecological Footprint — 1.4.3 Life Cycle Assessment — 1.5 Managing Sustainability — Summary — Glossary — Exercises — Further Reading — General Encyclopedias and Dictionaries — Chapter 2 Polymer Structure (Morphology) — 2.1 Stereochemistry of Polymers — 2.2 Molecular Interactions — 2.2.1 Glass Transition and Melt Transition — 2.2.2 Secondary Structures — 2.3 Polymer Crystals — 2.4 Amorphous Bulk State — 2.5 Polymer Structure-Property Relationships — 2.6 Crystalline and Amorphous Combinations — 2.7 Cross-Linking — Summary — Glossary — Exercises — Further Reading — Chapter 3 Molecular Weight of Polymers — 3.1 Introduction — 3.2 Solubility — 3.2.1 Basic Concepts — 3.2.2 Theoretical Approaches to Solubility — 3.3 Average Molecular Weight Values — 3.4 Fractionation of Polydisperse Systems — 3.5 Chromatography — 3.5.1 General Chromatography — 3.5.2 Ion-Exchange Chromatography — 3.5.3 Affinity Chromatography — 3.5.4 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography — 3.5.5 Electrophoresis — 3.5.6 Gel Permeation Chromatography — 3.5.7 Size Exclusion Chromatography — 3.6 Colligative Molecular Weights — 3.6.1 Osmometry — 3.6.2 End-Group Analysis — 3.6.3 Ebulliometry and Cryometry — 3.7 Light-Scattering Photometry — 3.8 Other Techniques — 3.8.1 Ultracentrifugation — 3.8.2 Mass Spectrometry — 3.9 Viscometry — 3.9.1 Solution Viscosity — 3.9.2 Melted Polymer Viscosities — Summary — Glossary — Exercises

Further Reading — Chapter 4 Naturally Occurring Polymers — 4.1 Polysaccharides — 4.2 Cellulose — 4.2.1 Paper — 4.2.2 Paper Recycling — 4.3 Cellulose-Regenerating Processes — 4.3.1 Dissolving and Precipitation of Cellulose — 4.3.2 Wrinkle-Free Fabric — 4.4 Esters and Ethers of Cellulose — 4.4.1 Inorganic Esters — 4.4.2 Organic Esters — 4.4.3 Organic Ethers — 4.5 Starch — 4.6 Other Polysaccharides — 4.6.1 Glycogen — 4.6.2 Dextrans — 4.6.3 Chitin — 4.6.4 Chitosan — 4.6.5 Heparin — 4.6.6 Hyaluronic Acid — 4.6.7 Chondroitin Sulfates — 4.6.8 Arabinogalactans — 4.6.9 Carrageenans, Agar, and Agarose — 4.7 Proteins — 4.7.1 Basics — 4.7.2 Primary Structure — 4.7.3 Secondary Structure — 4.7.3.1 Keratins — 4.7.3.2 Silk — 4.7.3.3 Wool — 4.7.4 Tertiary Structure — 4.7.4.1 Globular Proteins — 4.7.4.2 Fibrous Proteins — 4.7.4.3 Elastin — 4.7.4.4 Membrane Proteins — 4.7.5 Quaternary Structure — 4.8 Nucleic Acids — 4.8.1 Basics — 4.8.2 Flow of Biological Information — 4.8.3 Next Steps — 4.9 Naturally Occurring Polyisoprenes and Other Synthetic Elastomers — 4.9.1 Balloons — 4.9.2 Resins — 4.9.3 Rosin and Related Materials — 4.10 Lignin — 4.11 Melanins — 4.12 Polymer Structure — 4.13 Genetic Engineering — 4.14 DNA Profiling — 4.15 Asphalt — Summary — Glossary — Exercises — Further Reading — Chapter 5 Step-Reaction Polymerization (Polycondensation Reactions) — 5.1 Comparison between Polymer Type and Kinetics of Polymerization — 5.2 Introduction — 5.3 Stepwise Kinetics — 5.4 Polycondensation Mechanisms — 5.5 Polyesters and Polycarbonates — 5.6 Synthetic Polyamides — 5.7 Polymides — 5.8 Polybenzimidazoles and Related Polymers — 5.9 Polyurethanes and Polyureas — 5.10 Polysulfides — 5.11 Polyethers — 5.12 Polysulfones — 5.13 Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) and Polyketones — 5.14 Phenolic and Amino Plastics

5.15 Synthetic Routes — 5.16 Liquid Crystals — 5.17 Microfibers — Summary — Glossary — Exercises — Further Reading — Chapter 6 Ionic Chain Reaction and Complex Coordination Polymerization (Addition Polymerization) — 6.1 Cationic Polymerization — 6.1.1 Kinetics of Cationic Polymerization — 6.1.2 Poly(Vinyl Isobutyl Ether) — 6.1.3 Polyoxymethylene — 6.1.4 Poly(Ethylene Oxide) — 6.1.5 Polyterpenes and Related Polymers — 6.2 Anionic Polymerization — 6.2.1 Kinetics of Anionic Polymerization — 6.2.2 Cis-1,4-Polyisoprene — 6.2.3 Living Polymers — 6.3 Stereoregularity and Stereogeometry — 6.4 Polymerization with Complex Coordination Catalysts — 6.5 Soluble Stereoregulating Catalysis — 6.6 Polyethylenes — 6.6.1 Introduction Polyethylenes — 6.6.2 High-Density Polyethylene — 6.6.3 Linear Low-Density Polyethylene — 6.6.4 Very-Low-Density Polyethylene — 6.6.5 Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene — 6.6.6 Ultralinear Polyethylene — 6.6.7 Cross-Linked Polyethylene — 6.6.8 Medium-Density Polyethylene — 6.6.9 Polymethylene — 6.6.10 Shopping Bags — 6.7 Polypropylene — 6.7.1 History — 6.7.2 Stereospecific Structures — 6.7.3 Early Production — 6.7.4 Forms of Polypropylene — 6.8 Polymers from 1,4-Dienes — 6.8.1 Introduction — 6.8.2 Butadiene Rubber — 6.8.3 ABS — 6.8.4 High-Impact Polystyrene — 6.8.5 Polyisoprene — 6.8.6 Polychloroprene — 6.9 Polyisobutylene — 6.10 Metathesis Reactions — 6.11 Zwitterionic Polymerization — 6.12 Isomerization Polymerization — 6.13 Precipitation Polymerization — Summary — Glossary — Exercises — Further Reading — Chapter 7 Free Radical Chain Polymerization (Addition Polymerization) — 7.1 Initiators for Free Radical Chain Polymerization — 7.2 Mechanism for Free Radical Chain Polymerization — 7.3 Chain Transfer — 7.4 Polymerization Techniques — 7.4.1 Bulk Polymerization

7.4.2 Suspension Polymerization — 7.4.3 Solution Polymerization — 7.4.4 Emulsion Polymerization — 7.5 Fluorine-Containing Polymers — 7.5.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene — 7.5.2 Poly(Vinyl Fluoride) — 7.5.3 Other Fluorine-Containing Polymers — 7.6 Polystyrene — 7.7 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) — 7.8 Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) — 7.9 Polyacrylonitrile — 7.10 Solid-State Irradiation Polymerization — 7.11 Plasma Polymerizations — Summary — Glossary — Exercises — Further Reading — Chapter 8 Copolymerization — 8.1 Kinetics of Copolymerization — 8.2 The Q-e Scheme — 8.3 Commercial Copolymers — 8.4 Block Copolymers — 8.5 Graft Copolymers — 8.6 Elastomers — 8.6.1 General — 8.6.2 Thermoplastic Elastomers — 8.6.3 SBR Copolymers — 8.6.4 Sales and Flammability — 8.7 Blends — 8.7.1 General — 8.7.2 Immiscible Blends — 8.7.3 Immiscible Blends: Remainder of the Section on Immiscible Blends — 8.7.4 Miscible Blends — 8.8 Polymer Mixtures: IPNs and Alloys — 8.9 Dendrites — 8.10 Ionomers — 8.11 Fluoroelastomers — 8.12 Nitrile Rubber — 8.12.1 Laboratory Gloves — 8.13 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Terpolymers — 8.14 EPDM Rubber — Summary — Glossary — Exercises — Further Reading — Chapter 9 Organometallic and Metalloid Polymers — 9.1 Introduction — 9.2 Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms — 9.3 Condensation Organometallic Polymers — 9.4 Coordination Polymers — 9.5 Addition Polymers — Summary — Glossary — Exercises — Further Reading — Chapter 10 Inorganic Polymers — 10.1 Introduction — 10.2 Portland Cement — 10.3 Other Cements — 10.4 Silicates — 10.4.1 Network — 10.4.2 Layer — 10.4.3 Chain — 10.5 Silicon Dioxide (Amorphous) — 10.5.1 Kinds of Glass — 10.5.2 Safety Glass — 10.5.3 New Applications of Glass — 10.5.4 Seeing Glass Lenses — 10.6 Sol-Gel — 10.6.1 Aerogels — 10.7 Silicon Dioxide (Crystalline Forms): Quartz Forms

10.8 Silicon Dioxide in Electronic Chips — 10.9 Asbestos — 10.10 Fly Ash and Aluminosilicates — 10.11 Polymeric Carbon: Diamond — 10.12 Polymeric Carbon: Graphite — 10.13 Internal Cyclization: Carbon Fibers and Related Materials — 10.14 Carbon Nanotubes — 10.14.1 General — 10.14.2 Structures — 10.14.3 Properties — 10.14.3.1 Electrical — 10.14.3.2 Mechanical — 10.14.3.3 Field Emission — 10.14.3.4 Hydrogen and Ion Storage — 10.14.3.5 Chemical and Genetic Probes — 10.14.3.6 Analytical Tools — 10.14.3.7 Superconductors — 10.14.4 Health Issues — 10.14.5 Potential — 10.15 Bitumens — 10.16 Carbon Black — 10.17 Polysulfur — 10.18 Ceramics — 10.19 High-Temperature Superconductors — 10.19.1 Discovery of the 123-Compound — 10.19.2 Structure of the 123-Compound — 10.20 Zeolites — Summary — Glossary — Exercises — Further Reading — Chapter 11 Reactions of Polymers — 11.1 Reactions with Polyolefins and Polyenes — 11.2 Reactions of Aromatic and Aliphatic Pendant Groups — 11.3 Degradation — 11.4 Cross-Linking — 11.5 Reactivities of End Groups — 11.6 Supramolecules and Self-Assembly — 11.7 Transfer and Retention of Oxygen — 11.8 Nature’s Macromolecular Catalysts — 11.9 Photosynthesis — 11.9.1 General — 11.9.2 Purple Photosynthetic Bacteria — 11.9.3 Green Sulfur Bacteria — 11.10 Mechanisms of Physical Energy Absorption — 11.11 Breakage of Polymeric Materials — Summary — Glossary — Exercises — Further Reading — Chapter 12 Testing and Spectrometric Characterization of Polymers — 12.1 Spectronic Characterization of Polymers — 12.1.1 Infrared Spectroscopy — 12.1.2 Raman Spectroscopy — 12.1.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy — 12.1.4 NMR Applications — 12.1.5 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy — 12.1.6 X-Ray Spectroscopy — 12.2 Surface Characterization — 12.2.1 Attenuated Total Reflectance

12.2.2 Auger Electron Spectroscopy and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

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ترجمه ماشینی :

پوشش – نیمی از عنوان – صفحه عنوان – صفحه کپی رایت – مطالب – مقدمه – تصدیق – نویسنده – نحوه مطالعه پلیمرها – نامگذاری پلیمر – کمیته جامعه شیمی آمریکا در مورد الزامات آموزش حرفه ای – فصل 1 مقدمه به پلیمرها – 1.1 تاریخچه پلیمرها – 1.2 چرا پلیمرها؟ -1.3 بازار امروز -1.4 ارزیابی زیست محیطی -1.4.1 ارزیابی اثرات زیست محیطی –<کلاس اسپری = 'ShowMoreLessContEntElement' سبک = 'نمایش: هیچ یک ؛'> 1.4.2 ردپای زیست محیطی -1.4.3 ارزیابی چرخه زندگی – – 1.5 مدیریت پایداری – خلاصه – واژه نامه – تمرینات – خواندن بیشتر – دائر ycl المعارف عمومی و فرهنگ لغت – فصل 2 ساختار پلیمری (مورفولوژی) – 2.1 استریوشیمی پلیمرها – 2.2 تعامل مولکولی – 2.2.1 انتقال شیشه و انتقال ذوب-2.2.2 ساختار ثانویه-2.3 بلورهای پلیمری-2.4 حالت فله آمورف-2.5 روابط ساختار پلیمری-2.6 ترکیب کریستالی و آمورف-2.7 اتصال متقابل-خلاصه-واژه نامه- تمرینات – خواندن بیشتر – فصل 3 وزن مولکولی پلیمرها – 3.1 مقدمه – 3.2 حلالیت – 3.2.1 مفاهیم اساسی – 3.2.2 رویکردهای نظری برای حلالیت – 3.3 مقادیر متوسط ​​وزن مولکولی – 3.4 کسری از polydisperse سیستم ها-3.5 کروماتوگرافی-3.5.1 کروماتوگرافی عمومی-3.5.2 کروماتوگرافی تبادل یونی-3.5.3 کروماتوگرافی میل-3.5.4 کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا-3.5.5 الکتروفورز-3.5.6 ژل کروماتوگرافی نفوذ-3.5.7 کروماتوگرافی محرومیت اندازه-3.6 وزن مولکولی کولیومیک-3.6.1 اسمومتر-3.6.2 تجزیه و تحلیل گروه پایان-3.6.3 آبله سنجی و کرایومتری-3.7 فوتومتری پراکندگی نور-3.8 مورد دیگر تکنیک ها – 3.8.1 Ultracentrifugation – 3.8.2 طیف سنجی جرمی – 3.9 ویسکومتر – 3.9.1 ویسکوزیته راه حل – 3.9.2 ویسکوزیته های پلیمری ذوب شده – خلاصه – واژه نامه – تمرینات

خواندن بیشتر – فصل 4 پلیمرهای طبیعی در حال وقوع-4.1 پلی ساکاریدها-4.2 سلولز-4.2.1 مقاله-4.2.2 بازیافت کاغذ-4.3 فرآیند احیا کننده سلولز-4.3.1 حل و رسوب سلولز-4.3.2 بدون چروک پارچه – 4.4 استر و اترهای سلولز – 4.4.1 استرهای معدنی – 4.4.2 استرهای ارگانیک – 4.4.3 اترهای ارگانیک – 4.5 نشاسته – 4.6 پلی ساکارید دیگر – 4.6.1 گلیکوژن – 4.6.2 دکستران – 4.6.3 چیتین – 4.6.4 چیتوزان – 4.6.5 هپارین – 4.6.6 اسید هیالورونیک – 4.6.7 سولفات های کندرویتین – 4.6.8 Arabinogalactans – 4.6.9 Carrageenans ، Agar و Agarose – 4.7 پروتئین – 4.7.1 مبانی – 4.7.2 ساختار اولیه – 4.7.3 ساختار ثانویه – 4.7.3.1 کراتین ها – 4.7.3.2 ابریشم – 4.7.3.3 پشم – 4.7.4 ساختار عالی – – 4.7.4.1 پروتئین های گلوبولار – 4.7.4.2 پروتئین های فیبری – 4.7.4.3 الاستین – 4.7.4.4 پروتئین های غشایی – 4.7.5 ساختار کواترنر – 4.8 اسیدهای نوکلئیک – 4.8.1 مبانی – 4.8.2 جریان جریان از اطلاعات بیولوژیکی – 4.8.3 مراحل بعدی – 4.9 پلی ایزوپران به طور طبیعی و سایر الاستومرهای مصنوعی – 4.9.1 بالون – 4.9.2 رزین – 4.9.3 روزین و مواد مرتبط – 4.10 لیگنین – 4.11 ملانین – – 4.12 ساختار پلیمری- 4.13 مهندسی ژنتیک- 4.14 پروفایل DNA- 4.15 آسفالت- خلاصه- واژه نامه- تمرینات- خواندن بیشتر- فصل 5 پلیمریزاسیون پله ای (واکنش های پلی انسداد)- 5.1 مقایسه بین نوع پلیمر و سینتیک پلیمریزاسیون – 5.2 مقدمه – 5.3 س

 

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