توضیحات
Introduced into service early in 1938 during a time of extensive re-organisation of Army air units, the Ki-27, known as the 97 Sen by its pilots, achieved its first successes during the so-called ‘China Incident’ against the mainly biplane types operated by the Chinese. On 10 April 1938 Ki-27 pilots of the 2nd Daitai (later to become the 64th Sentai) claimed 24 Chinese biplane fighters shot down for the loss of only two of their own. Almost within a year of its combat debut against the Chinese the 97 Sen was to be tested in fighting against the Russians during the Nomonhan Incident of 1939. Initially the 97 Sen proved superior to the Soviet I-16 monoplanes, but the latter were hastily modified to better engage the Japanese fighter and the Russian pilots rapidly adapted to exploit their own strengths and the enemy weaknesses. A handful of Japanese Army Air Force (JAAF) aces emerged from this showdown to be lauded by the Japanese press and ever associated with the iconic 97 Sen – Shimada the ‘Red-Legged Hawk’, Shihonara the ‘Richthofen of the Orient’ and Yoshiyama, the ‘warrior of the Holombile Plateau’. These were the glory days for the JAAF and many of the successful 97 Sen pilots went on to become the outstanding leaders and veteran aces of the Pacific War. By December, 1941 the JAAF had just started to replace the 97 Sen with the more modern Hayabusa, but the fixed undercarriage fighter still equipped 17 of the 19 Army fighter Sentai and took the brunt of the offensive against the British and Americans in Southeast Asia and the Philippines, as well as the Homeland Defence capability at the time of the Doolittle Raid. Initially facing more modern Allied types of fighter, the 97 Sen was more than able to hold its own by exploiting its outstanding aerobatic qualities. But the writing was on the wall for an unarmoured, fixed undercarriage aircraft with two rifle-calibre machine guns as the Allies consolidated and began their fightback. In China, Chennault had already assessed the 97 Sen’s strengths and weaknesses, describing it as a fighter that ‘climbs like a sky rocket and manoeuvres like a squirrel’. Prior to the outbreak of the Pacific War he had sent a complete dossier on the type to the USA where it was studiously ignored. The pace of re-equipment with new types and the resurgence of Allied airpower required JAAF units to continue with the 97 Sen as main equipment, especially on the quieter fronts and in Home Defence. By 1943 it was considered seriously obsolete but was still being encountered in combat by Allied pilots, especially in the air defence role. The Ki-27 also found an important secondary role as an armed fighter trainer, equipping an important number of training units and flying schools. The Mansyu Ki-79, a purpose built trainer produced in both single and two-seater versions, was based on the Ki-27. It also served expediently in the suicide attack role and in at least one epic air defence combat. In February 1945, over Chiba, experienced ace WO Masatoshi Masuzawa, flying one of the open cockpit trainers, downed a US Navt Hellcat. Masuzawa had scored his first victory in a 97 Sen over Nomonhan in 1939, and in three months of fighting there had claimed 12 enemy aircraft shot down. He epitomised the veteran JAAF flyers who had first taken the 97 Sen to war and survived to see the atom bombs dropped on their homeland.
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ترجمه ماشینی :
کی-27 که در اوایل سال 1938 و در زمان سازماندهی مجدد گسترده یگان های هوایی ارتش به خدمت معرفی شد، اولین موفقیت های خود را در جریان به اصطلاح “حادثه چین” در برابر هواپیماهای عمدتا دوباله به دست آورد. انواعی که توسط چینی ها اداره می شود. در 10 آوریل 1938، خلبانان کی-27 دایتای دوم (که بعداً به 64مین سنتای تبدیل شد) ادعا کردند که 24 جنگنده دوبال چینی تنها برای از دست دادن دو هواپیمای خود سرنگون شده اند. تقریباً در عرض یک سال پس از شروع جنگی خود در برابر چینی ها، 97 Sen قرار بود در نبرد با روس ها در طول حادثه Nomonhan در سال 1939 آزمایش شود. در ابتدا 97 Sen برتری نسبت به تک هواپیماهای I-16 شوروی نشان داد، اما دومی با عجله اصلاح شد. برای درگیری بهتر با جنگنده ژاپنی و خلبانان روسی به سرعت برای بهره برداری از نقاط قوت خود و نقاط ضعف دشمن سازگار شدند. تعداد انگشت شماری از نیروهای نیروی هوایی ارتش ژاپن (JAAF) از این مسابقه بیرون آمدند تا مورد ستایش مطبوعات ژاپنی قرار گیرند و همیشه با سن 97 – شیمادا «شاهین پا قرمز»، شیهونارا «ریختوفن مشرق زمین» و یوشییاما مرتبط شدند. ، “جنگجو فلات هولمبیل”. این روزهای شکوه برای JAAF بود و بسیاری از خلبانان موفق 97 سن به رهبران برجسته و باس های کهنه کار جنگ اقیانوس آرام تبدیل شدند. در دسامبر 1941، JAAF تازه شروع به جایگزینی 97 Sen با هایابوسا مدرن تر کرده بود، اما جنگنده زیر شاسی ثابت هنوز 17 جنگنده از 19 ارتش سنتای را تجهیز کرد و بار عمده حمله علیه بریتانیایی ها و آمریکایی ها در جنوب شرقی آسیا و فیلیپین و همچنین قابلیت دفاع از میهن در زمان حمله دولیتل. 97 سن که در ابتدا با انواع مدرنتر جنگندههای متفقین روبرو بود، با بهرهبرداری از ویژگیهای برجستهی آکروباتیک خود، بیش از حد
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