توضیحات
SUMMARY:
The bestselling author of The Limits of Power critically examines the Washington consensus on national security and why it must changeFor the last half century, as administrations have come and gone, the fundamental assumptions about America’s military policy have remained unchanged: American security requires the United States (and us alone) to maintain a permanent armed presence around the globe, to prepare our forces for military operations in far-flung regions, and to be ready to intervene anywhere at any time. In the Obama era, just as in the Bush years, these beliefs remain unquestioned gospel.In a vivid, incisive analysis, Andrew J. Bacevich succinctly presents the origins of this consensus, forged at a moment when American power was at its height. He exposes the preconceptions, biases, and habits that underlie our pervasive faith in military might, especially the notion that overwhelming superiority will oblige others to accommodate America’s needs and desireswhether for cheap oil, cheap credit, or cheap consumer goods. And he challenges the usefulness of our militarism as it has become both unaffordable and increasingly dangerous.Though our politicians deny it, American global might is faltering. This is the moment, Bacevich argues, to reconsider the principles which shape American policy in the worldto acknowledge that fixing Afghanistan should not take precedence over fixing Detroit. Replacing this Washington consensus is crucial to America’s future, and may yet offer the key to the country’s salvation. Andrew J. Bacevich, a professor of history and international relations at Boston University, retired from the U.S. Army with the rank of colonel. He is the author of The Limits of Power and The New American Militarism. His writing has appeared in Foreign Affairs, The Atlantic Monthly, The Nation, The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The Wall Street Journal. He is the recipient of a Lannan Award and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. For the last half century, as administrations have come and gone, the fundamental assumptions about America’s military policy have remained unchanged: American security requires the United States (and us alone) to maintain a permanent armed presence around the globe, to prepare our forces for military operations in far-flung regions, and to be ready to intervene anywhere at any time. In the Obama era, just as in the Bush years, these beliefs remain unquestioned gospel.In a vivid, incisive analysis, Andrew J. Bacevich succinctly presents the origins of this consensus, forged at a moment when American power was at its height. He exposes the preconceptions, biases, and habits that underlie our pervasive faith in military might, especially the notion that overwhelming superiority will oblige others to accommodate America’s needs and desireswhether for cheap oil, cheap credit, or cheap consumer goods. And he challenges the usefulness of our militarism as it has become both unaffordable and increasingly dangerous.Though our politicians deny it, American global might is faltering. This is the moment, Bacevich argues, to reconsider the principles which shape American policy in the worldto acknowledge that fixing Afghanistan should not take precedence over fixing Detroit. Replacing this Washington consensus is crucial to America’s future, and may yet offer the key to the country’s salvation. To say that Washington Rules is a breath of fresh air in the debate over U.S. foreign policy would be like comparing a zephyr to a hurricane. Writing with Force-Five fury, Andrew Bacevich lays bare the dogmas and shibboleths that have animated national security doctrine for the last half century and produced an Orwellian nightmare of permanent war in the name of permanent peace. This passionate, often discomforting book brings rare clarity to a subject of urgent importance for all Americans.David M. Kennedy, author of Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945Against a national strategy gone astray, Bacevich offers a unique combination of rigorous analysis and emotion-powered protest. May it be widely read, may it disenthrall us from the academic generals, militant academics, and cynical politicians who insist that we must invest blood and treasure in mud-brick Afghan villages, while China invests in advanced technology.Edward N. Luttwak author of The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire Washington Rules is the author’s shorthand for the American conviction that we always represent the good and the pure in international affairs. His powerful book clearly demonstrates how threadbare this idea has become.Chalmers Johnson, author of the Blowback Trilogy and Dismantling the EmpireThe hard-earned insights of this veteran, analyst, insider, and parent will resonate with people across the political spectrum and offer a serious, riveting, and authentically personal critique of U.S. power.Amy Goodman, host and executive producer ofDemocracy Now!Bacevich presents compelling and alarming evidence that our nation is locked into a counterproductive global military presence sustained by power projection and interventionism by military force. A must-read for all those concerned with Americas future.Lt. General (USA, Ret.) Robert G. Gard, Jr., PhDWashington Rules dissects the convictions that have turned the United States into a warrior nationa country devoted to military solutions that do little, if anything, to enhance its security or advance the well-being of its citizens or the foreign peoples on whom we inflict our illusory benevolence. A brilliant historians analysis of what ails America, this book should be read by every national officeholder and and by all who care about Americas future safety and prosperity.Robert Dallek, author of The Lost Peace: Leadership in a Time of Horror and Hope, 1945-1953Washington Rules exposes well-entrenched assumptions that for decades have underlain ineffective and costly U.S. policies. Bacevich shines a bright light on the meaning of national security and what it requires, while addressing fundamental but long-ignored questions about America’s place in the world and the role of military power.Paul R. Pillar author of Terrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy’Valiant .. . welcome thinking by a former military man who has seen the light.’Kirkus Reviews’U.S. Army colonel turned academic, Bacevich (The Limits of Power) offers an unsparing, cogent, and important critique of assumptions guiding American military policy. These central tenets, the ‘Washington rules’such as the belief that the world order depends on America maintaining a massive military capable of rapid and forceful interventions anywhere in the worldhave dominated national security policy since the start of the cold war and have condemned the U.S. to ‘insolvency and perpetual war.’ Despite such disasters as America’s defeat in Vietnam and the Cuban missile crisis, the self-perpetuating policy is so entrenched that no president or influential critic has been able to alter it. Bacevich argues that while the Washington rules found their most pernicious expression in the Bush doctrine of preventive war, Barack Obama’s expansion of the Afghan War is also cause for pessimism: ‘We should be grateful to him for making at least one thing unmistakably clear: to imagine that Washington will ever tolerate second thoughts about the Washington rules is to engage in willful self-deception. Washington itself has too much to lose.”Publishers Weekly
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ترجمه ماشینی :
خلاصه:
نویسنده پرفروش محدودیتهای قدرت، اجماع واشنگتن در مورد امنیت ملی را به طور انتقادی بررسی میکند و چرا باید تغییر کند در نیم قرن گذشته، با آمدن و رفتن دولتها، مفروضات اساسی در مورد سیاست نظامی آمریکا بدون تغییر باقی مانده است: آمریکایی امنیت مستلزم آن است که ایالات متحده (و ما به تنهایی) حضور مسلحانه دائمی در سرتاسر جهان داشته باشیم، نیروهای خود را برای عملیات نظامی در مناطق دوردست آماده کنیم، و آماده مداخله در هر نقطه در هر زمان باشیم. در دوران اوباما، درست مانند سالهای بوش، این باورها انجیل بیچون و چرا باقی میمانند. اندرو جی. باسویچ در یک تحلیل واضح و دقیق، خاستگاههای این اجماع را که در لحظهای که قدرت آمریکا در اوج خود بود شکل گرفت، به اختصار ارائه میکند. او پیش داوریها، سوگیریها و عادتهایی را که زیربنای ایمان فراگیر ما به قدرت نظامی است، آشکار میکند، بهویژه این تصور که برتری قاطع، دیگران را وادار میکند تا نیازها و خواستههای آمریکا را اعم از نفت ارزان، اعتبار ارزان، یا کالاهای مصرفی ارزان برآورده کنند. و او سودمندی نظامیگرایی ما را به چالش میکشد، زیرا این نظامی هم غیرقابلقابل است و هم خطرناکتر شده است. اگرچه سیاستمداران ما آن را انکار میکنند، اما قدرت جهانی آمریکا در حال تزلزل است. باسویچ استدلال می کند که این لحظه برای تجدید نظر در اصولی است که سیاست آمریکا را در جهان شکل می دهد تا اذعان کنیم که اصلاح افغانستان نباید بر اصلاح دیترویت اولویت داشته باشد. جایگزینی این اجماع واشنگتن برای آینده آمریکا بسیار مهم است و هنوز ممکن است کلید نجات این کشور را ارائه دهد. اندرو جی. باسویچ، استاد تاریخ و روابط بینالملل در دانشگاه بوستون، با درجه س
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